I Umtjhini wokwenza iintinaidlala indima eqakathekileko ekukhiqizeni izinto zokwakha zesimanjemanje. Ngokufunwa okukhulako kwamabhlogo wekhonkrithi, iintina zokuphepha, iintina ezingenamgodi, kanye nezinto zokwakha ezingalimazi ibhoduluko, amafemu amanengi asebenzisa i-othomethikhi Umtjhini wokuvimbas kanye nokuqeda imigqa yokukhiqiza izitina ukwenza ngcono ukusebenza kuhle kokukhiqiza.

Kodwana, ngesikhathi sokusebenza isikhathi eside, imitjhini yokwenza iintina ingahlangabezana nemiraro ehlukileko ngebanga lokungasebenzi kuhle, iindaba zezinto ezisetjenziswako, ukuguga kwemitjhini, nofana ukutlhogonyelwa okunganeleko.

Imiraro evamileko ifaka hlangana:

• Umtjhini wokwenza iintina awukhiqizi iintina;
• Umfutho ophasi wamanzi;
• Ukuqina kwesitina okumbi;
• Indawo yezitina engalinganiko;
• Ukwehluleka kwesistimu okuzenzakalelayo;
• Ukuthuthumela okukhulu komtjhini nofana itjhada.

Ukuzwisisa lokhu imiraro nezisombululo ezijayelekileko zomtjhini wokwenza iintina kungasiza abasebenzisi ukubona msinyana imiraro, ukwehlisa isikhathi sokungasebenzi komtjhini, nokugcina umkhiqizo ozinzileko.

1. Umtjhini Wokwenza Izitina Awukwazi Ukukhiqiza Izitina

Amatshwayo ajayelekileko

Enye yemiraro ejayelekileko ebikwa basebenzisi kukobana umtjhini usebenza kuhle kodwana awukghoni ukukhiqiza iintina ezifaneleko.

Amatshwayo ajayelekileko afakahlangana:

• Isikhunta asikhi iintina ezipheleleko;
• Iintina zikhululekile nofana ziphukile ngemva kokubunjwa;
• Irherho lokudla alikwazi ukunikela ngezinto ezaneleko;
• Ukusebenza kuhle kokukhiqiza kwehla msinyana.

Iimbangela ezingaba khona

Kuneenzathu ezinengi ezingaba khona:

1. Umhlanganiso wezinto ezisetjenziswako ezingakalungi

Ikhwalithi yezitina incike khulu esilinganisweni sezinto ezisetjenziswako. Nangabe isimende, isihlabathi, ipuyere yamatshe, umlotha we-fly, namkha ezinye izinto azihlanganiswa kuhle, umtjhini ungabhalelwa kukhiqiza iintina eziqinileko.

2. Imiraro yehlelo lokudla

Nangabe ihlelo lokuphakela izinto livalekile nofana ijubane lokudla alilunganga, isikhunta kungenzeka singatholi izinto ezaneleko.

3. Imiraro yesikhunta

Isikhunta esilimeleko nofana esisilapheleko singathinta ijamo lesitina nokunemba kokukhiqiza.

Iinsombululo

Ukurarulula umraro lo:

• Hlola begodu ulungise ifomula yezinto ezisetjenziswako;
• Hlanza ihlelo lokudla qobe;
• Hlola ubujamo besikhunta;
• Lungisa isikhathi sokudla kanye namapharamitha wokudlidliza.

Ukulungiselela izinto ngendlela efaneleko nokuhlola qobe kungakhandela imiraro eminengi yokukhiqiza imitjhini yezitina.

2. Umtjhini wesitina we-hydraulic unomfutho ophansi

Iinhlelo zamanzi ngenye yeengcenye eziqakatheke khulu zemitjhini yesimanje yokwenza iintina. Ukugandeleleka okunganeleko kungathinta ngqo ukuminyana nokuqina kwesitina.

Amatshwayo ajayelekileko

• Iintina ziphuka lula;
• Ukuqina kwesitina akuhlangabezani neemfuneko;
• Ikambiso yokugandelela ngomtjhini iba yinto engazinzileko;
• Isilinda samanzi sikhamba kabuthaka.

Iimbangela ezingaba khona

Izinga eliphasi le-oli ye-hydraulic

I-oli ye-hydraulic enganeleko ingehlisa umfutho wesistimu begodu ithinte ukusebenza komtjhini.

Ukusilaphazeka kwamafutha we-hydraulic

I-oli ye-hydraulic engcolileko ingalimaza iimpompo, amavalvu, nezinye iingcenye.

Ukwehluleka kwepompo yamanzi

Ipompo yamanzi elimeleko ayikwazi ukunikela umfutho owaneleko wokubumba isitina.

Ukuguga kokuvala

Ukuguga kwama-hydraulic seals kungabanga ukuvuza kwamafutha nokulahlekelwa mfutho.

Iindlela zokurarulula imiraro

Abasebenzisi kufanele:

• Hlola izinga lamafutha we-hydraulic qobe;
• Buyisela amafutha we-hydraulic ngokuya kwehlelo lokugcina;
• Hlola amapayipi wamanzi nokuhlanganiswa;
• Buyisela iimvalo ezilimeleko kanye neengcenye.

Ukutlhogonyelwa kwehlelo lamanzi qobe kuqakathekile ekwenzeni ngcono ukusebenza kuhle kwe umtjhini wokwenza isitina ngamanzi.

3. Ikhwalithi embi yezitina ngemva kokukhiqiza

Ngitjho nanyana umtjhini usebenza kuhle, ikhwalithi yezitina embi ingaba khona.

Iinkinga ezijayelekileko

• Kuvela imifantu eentinini;
• Indawo yezitina ayilingani;
• Imiphetho yezitina ilimele;
• Amandla wesitina akwanele.

Iimbangela ezikulu

Ikhwalithi yezinto ezisetjenziswako

Iinsetjenziswa ezisezingeni eliphasi nofana ukulinganisa okungakalungi kungehlisa amandla womkhiqizo wokugcina.

Amasethingi wokugandeleleka angakalungi

Nangabe umfutho wokubumba uphansi khulu, iintina zingahle zingabi mncani ngokwaneleko.

Ikambiso yokupholisa engakalungi

Ngemva kokubunjwa, iintina zitlhoga isikhathi esifaneleko sokuqinisa nemibandela ukufikelela amandla atlhogekako.

Iinsombululo

Abakhiqizi nabasebenzisi kufanele:

• Yenza ngcono amazinga wezinto ezisetjenziswako;
• Lungisa umfutho wokubumba kuhle;
• Thuthukisa iindlela zokuphulukisa;
• Hlola ukudlidliza komtjhini kanye namapharamitha wokubumba.

Ukusebenza kuhle kwekambiso yoke yokukhiqiza kuqakathekile, ingasi umtjhini kwaphela.

4. Imiraro yokusebenza komtjhini wokwenza iintina

Amafemu amanengi wesimanjemanje asebenzisa imitjhini eyenza iintina ezizenzakalelayo kanye nemitjhini yokukhiqiza isitina ezenzakalelako ukwehlisa iindleko zabasebenzi nokukhuphula umkhiqizo.

Kodwana, amasistimu wokusebenza ngokuzenzakalelako kesinye isikhathi angahlangabezana nemiraro.

Iindaba ezijayelekileko

• Umtjhini uyama msinyana;
• Amatshwayo we-alamu ayavela;
• Iinzwa aziphenduli;
• Ukusebenza komlayini wokukhiqiza kuba kungazinzi.

Iimbangela ezingaba khona

• Imiraro yesistimu kagesi;
• Ukwehluleka kwenzwa;
• amaphutha wokulawula i-PLC;
• Ukuhlanganiswa kweentambo okukhululekileko.

Ukuhlola okurhabako

Abasebenzisi kufanele bahlole:

• Lawula ubujamo bekhabethe;
• Ubujamo benzwa;
• Ukuxhumana kwegezi;
• Ukusebenza kwehlelo le-PLC.

Ukuhlola qobe iingcenye zegezi kungakhandela ukuphazamiseka okungalindelekileko kokukhiqiza.

5. Umtjhini Wokwenza Izitina Ukhiqiza Umsindo Omkhulu

Umsindo ongakajayeleki uvamise ukuba litshwayo lokuyelelisa lokuthi ezinye iingcenye zitlhoga ukuhlolwa.

Iimbangela ezijayelekileko

• Iingcenye zomtjhini ezikhululekileko;
• Ukutlhogeka kokuthambisa;
• Ukuguga kwebheringi yeenkoloyi;
• Imiraro yesistimu yamanzi.

Iinsombululo

Izenzo eziphakanyisiweko:

• Qinisa amabhawudo akhululekileko namalunga;
• Faka ukuthambisa okufaneleko;
• Hlola amabheringi weenkoloyi;
• Hlola iingcenye zamanzi.

Ukunganaki umsindo ongakajayeleki isikhathi eside kungabangela ukuhluleka okukhulu kwemitjhini kanye neendleko eziphezulu zokulungisa.

6. Ungagcina njani umtjhini wokwenza iintina begodu wehlise ukubhalelwa?

Ukutlhogomela qobe kungenye yeendlela ezihle khulu zokwandisa ipilo yomtjhini nokwehlisa ukulungisa kanengi.

Ukutlhogonyelwa kwamalanga woke

Abasebenzisi kufanele:

• Hlanza ama-mold ngemva kokukhiqiza;
• Susa izinto eziseleko;
• Hlola ukuvuza kwamafutha;
• Qala imidumo engakajayeleki nofana ukudlidliza.

Ukutlhogonyelwa kweveke namkha kwenyanga

Ukuhlola okuphakanyisiweko kufaka hlangana:

• Isimo samafutha wamanzi;
• Ukusebenza kwehlelo legezi;
• Ubujamo beengcenye;
• Ukunemba kwesikhunta;
• Ukuqina kwesibopho.

Imikhuba emihle yokugcina ingenza ngcono ukunzinza komkhiqizo begodu yehlise isikhathi sokuphumula esingalindelekileko.

7. Ungakhetha njani umkhiqizi womtjhini wokwenza iintina othembekileko?

Ikhwalithi yemitjhini inomthelela oqondileko ekusebenzeni kuhle kokukhiqiza. Ukukhetha umuntu onelwazi umkhiqizi womtjhini wokwenza iintina kungasiza amakhasimende ukubalekela imiraro eminengi yesikhathi esizako.

Umthengisi oyingcweti kufanele anikele:

• Imitjhini yezitina yekhwalithi ephezulu;
• Iinsombululo zokukhiqiza ezenziwe ngokwezifiso;
• Isiqondiso sokufaka;
• Ukubandulwa komsebenzisi;
• Ukusekelwa kweengcenye eziseleko;
• Irherho lobuthekhnikhi ngemva kokuthengisa.

Umkhiqizi othembekileko akathengisi imitjhini kwaphela kodwana usiza namakhasimende bona afinyelele umkhiqizo ozinzileko wesikhathi eside.

 

Isiphetho: Thuthukisa ukusebenza kuhle kokukhiqiza ngokurarulula imiraro okufaneleko

Ukuzwisisa iindlela zokurarulula imiraro yomtjhini wokwenza iintina kuqakathekile kibo boke abasebenza ngefektri yezitina. Imiraro efana nomfutho ophasi, ikhwalithi yezitina embi, ukujama kwemitjhini, nokubhalelwa kwamanzi kuvamise ukurarululwa msinyana ngokuhlola nokutlhogonyelwa okufaneleko.

Ukutlhogonyelwa njalo, ukusebenza kuhle, nokusekelwa kwezobuchwepheshe kungehlisa khulu isikhathi sokuphumula kwemitjhini begodu kuthuthukise ukusebenza kuhle kokukhiqiza.

Noma ngabe usebenza ngefemu encani yezitina nofana umzila omkhulu wokukhiqiza izitina, ukukhetha imitjhini efaneleko nokuyitlhogomela kuhle kuzokusiza ukuqinisekisa ukukhiqiza okuzinzileko, okusebenzako, nokuthatha isikhathi eside.